Cutting machine



. 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ifiventor Chafles F. Schwennkew C. F. SCHWENNKER CUTTING MACHINE Filed June 18, 1932 His AttoPneg.

C. F. SCHWENNKER CUTTING MACHINE Filed June 18, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 III a His Attorney 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 June 16, 1936. c. F. SCHWENNKER CUTTING MACHINE Filed June 18, 1932 e -4 c:. F. SCHWENNKER Z944F5Q CUTTING MACHINE Filed June 18, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Invewttr: Charles F. Schwennken l-lis Attorney.

Patented June 16, 1936 UNHTED STATES CUTTING MACmNE Charles F. Schw'ennker, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application June 18, 1932, Serial No. 618,006.

27 (llaims.

The present invention relates to cutting machines for cutting material into fairly small pieces and especially to cutting machines for cutting garbage, although it is not limited there- 6 to necessarily.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved-construction and arrangement in a cutting machine oi this type, and for a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invenl tion, attention is directed to the accompanying description and the claims appended thereto.

In the drawings wherein the invention is speciflcally illustrated as embodied in a garbage cutting machine, Fig. 1 is a front view, partly broken 15 away, of a sink provided with a garbage cutter embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a side view showing the sink in section with the garbage cutter attached thereto; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the control levers; Fig. 4 is a detail sec-' 20 tional view taken on line 4-4, Fig. 5; Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on line 5-5, Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view through the garbage cutter; Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view taken on line l--'|, Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a top view 25 of a part of the construction shown in Fig. 6,

the view being partly in section; Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view taken on line 9--9, Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view taken on line Ill--I 0, Fig. 6; Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional view taken 30 on line |l--I I, Fig. 6; Fig. 12 is a detail sectional view taken on line l2-l2, Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a detail sectional view taken on line I3l3, Fig. 11; Fig. 14 is an exploded perspective view, partly in section, of the cutter shown in section in Fig. 6; 5 Fig. 15 is a detail sectional view taken on line l5-l5, Fig. 6; Fig. 16 is a detail sectional view taken on line |6l3, Fig. 15; Fig. 1'7 is a perspective view of the bottom plate of the receptacle for the material tobe cut; and Figs. 18, 19, and 20 40 are perspective views of the knives or cutters; and Fig. 21 is an explanatory diagrammatic view of the cutting machine illustrating the operation, the parts being shown in their functional relations but not in their true mechanical relations. 45 Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, l indicates a cabinet comprising a sink 2 and a drain board 3, the cabinet being provided with doors 4 to give access to the space beneath it. The usual faucets for hot and cold water are in- 50 dicated at 5. Connected to the underside of the sink is a drain pipe 6. The garbage cutting machine is located be-. neath the sink with its admission opening connected to an opening in the bottom of the sink 55 and its discharge opening connected to drain pipe 6. With this arrangement, the garbage may be placed directly through the bottom of the sink into the garbage cutter and after being cut up, discharged directly to the drain pipe 6.

The garbage cutter comprises a casing i hav- 5 ing an admission opening 8 surrounded by a flange 9 by which it is bolted directly-to the bottom wall of the sink 2 with admission opening 8 in line with an opening ill in the bottom wall of the sink. The discharge opening in the 10 casing is connected to drain pipe 6. Inside the casing are walls [2 which form a. trap in the casing through which material must flow to reach the drain pipe 6. At I3 is a clean-out plug for the trap. 15

In the upper portion of easing I is a circular opening (Fig. 10) closed by a cover plate It fastened in place by a ring of studs l5. Located on the inner side of cover plate 14 is a bearing M which stands in line with a bearing 16 in the 20 opposite casing wall. Mounted in bearings It and I6 is a receptacle l'i, it being provided with stub shafts l8 and I9 located inbearings M and I6. Receptacle [1 comprises an outer cylindrical wall 20 formed integral with which is 25 an inner cylindrical wall 2| which forms the receptacle proper. The top of the receptacle is open while the bottom is closed by a plate 22. The receptacle is adapted to be turned on-its trunnions from the position shown in Figs. 6 and 14 where it is substantially horizontal to a position wherein the open end stands in line with opening 8. Referring to Fig. 6, the receptacle is adapted to be turned from the horizontal position there shown counter-clockwise through an angle of 90 degrees. Inside the casing is a circular wall 23 (Figs. Sand 14) which defines a passage of the same diameter as the inside of the receptacle. This wall forms a guide for the cutters or cutting knives, the mouth of the re- 40 ceptacle being in line with the opening defined by wall 23 when the receptacle occupies the position shown in Figs. 6 and 14.

The receptacle is arranged to be turned on its trunnions from the position shown in Fig. 6, which may be termed the cutting position, to a position wherein its open end is in line with opening 8, which may be termed the loading position, by means of a rod 24 having a handle 25 at its upper end. The turning of the receptacle is effected by a vertical movement of rod 28. The lower end of rod 24 is connected to a toothed rack 26 (Fig. 5),

the teeth of which mesh with teeth 21 on the outerend of trunnion 19. The lower end of the rod slides in a groove 28 in the trunnion end.

Formed integral with rack 26 are stops 29 and 30 which strike against trunnion l9 to limit its turning movement. Referring particularly to Fig. 3, if rod 24 is moved upward trunnion |9- will be turned to move the receptacle from the position shown in Fig. 6 to a position wherein its open end is in line with opening 8, stop 30 striking the underside of the trunnion to limit the upward movement. When rod 24 is moved down again the receptacle will be returned to the Fig. 6 position, stop 29 limiting the downward movement. Wall 20 makes a loose fit at opening 8 so that water from the sink may flow past it freely to the drain. Thus, the garbage cutter when'h place does not interfere with the normal functioning of the sink and drain.

In casing 1 in line with, wall 23 is an opening which is closed by a cover plate 3| fastened to a flange 3| which surrounds the opening by studs 32. Cover plate 3| has a central opening through which extends a shaft 33. Bolted to casing I over cover plate 3| is a gear casing 34 in which is located a worm wheel 35 carried by a sleeve 36 fixed to shaft33. The peripheral wall of casing 34 surrounds cover plate 3| and is fastened to the flange 3| of the casing 'I by bolts 34, a suitable packing disk 34 being arranged between flange 3| and the cover plate 3| and the gear casing 34 to provide a tight joint. In the wall of gear casing 34 is a ball bearing 31 for sleeve 36. On opposite sides of the ball bearing and worm wheel are suitable packings 38 and on the outside of the wall is another packing 39 held in place by a disk 40. These packings serve to prevent the leakage of water to bearing 31. Between the right hand packing 38 and packing 39 (Fig. 6) is a space 40 connected to casing 'l by a channel 43 With this arrangement, any leakage of water past packing 39 is carried to casing I. Sleeve 36 is fastened to shaft 33 by a key 4|. At 42 is a channel between sleeve 36 and shaft 33 for the flow of water.

Meshing with worm wheel 35 is a worm 43 (Fig. 14) carried by a shaft 44'mounted in suitable bearings in the wall of the gear casing. The end of shaft 44 is shown in the section, Fig. 6, at the lower side of the casing. Shaft 44 is connected to the shaft of an electric motor 45, (Figs. 1 and 2) the casing of which is bolted to an extension of gear casing 34. Motor 45 drives worm 43 to turn worm wheel 35, thus turning shaft 33.

Bolted directly to gear casing 34 is a cylinder 46, being provided with a flange 46 which is attached to the gear casing by studs 46. Shaft 33 extends into cylinder 46 and is provided at its outer end with a piston 41 comprising two disks threaded onto the shaft and holding between them a piston ring 48. The piston is locked on the shaft by means of a nut 49 fastened in place by a pin 50. In the outer surface of shaft 33 is a longitudinally extending keyway 5| in which key 4| is located. With this arrangement shaft 33 is adapted to slide longitudinally through sleeve 36, key 4| sliding in keyway 5| and forming a guide for the shaft at the same time that it serves as a driving connection between worm wheel 35 and the shaft.

Mounted on the end of shaft 33 opposite piston 41 are the cutting knives 52 and 53. They are shown in perspective in Figs. 19 and 20 and assembled relatively to each other in Fig. 18. Both cutters or knives move longitudinally with shaft 33. Knife 52 is fixed to the shaft so that it turns therewith. Knife 53 is loose on the shaft and is held from turning with the shaft. When shaft 33 turns therefore knife 52 turns with it relatively to knife 53.

Knife 52 comprises a disk having slots in itsperipheral edge which form cutting fingers 54,

the forward inner edges 55 being what may be 6 termed rear cutting edges. Knife 52 is slightly conical on its outer side and is provided with curved grooves 56 which extend from the apex of the cone to the slots between fingers 54, thereby forming curved funnel shaped passages through 10 which material to be cut is fed to the cutting edges 55. The outer walls of fingers 54 taper rearwardly as indicated at 54 in Fig. 19, thus mak- 4 ing the fingers triangular in section. The tapered walls 54 function to permit material to be cut 15 to pass down to the cutting edges 55 of the knives. The front edges 55 of the walls formed by grooves 56 form what may be termed front cutting edges. The front cutting edges function to slice relatively long strips off the material to be cut, such strips 20 entering the funnel shaped passages through which they are fed and washed down to the rear cutting edges 55 as explained more fully hereinafter.

7 Knife 53 comprises a disk having slots-in its 25 edge which form cutting fingers 51. The cutting edges of the fingers are indicated at 58. The adjacent surfaces of the cutting knives 52 and 53 are fiat so that the two members engage each other evenly. Cutting knife 52 turns relatively to cutting knife 53 in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 18, and it will be seen that the cutting edges 55 and 58 move across each other after the manner of a pair of shears to effect cutting up of the material. The cutting knives are formed from a hard material such as hard steel, a hard stainless steel being preferred. V

Referring to Fig. 6, cutting knife 52 is provided on its rear side with a flange 59 which forms a bearing on which cutting knife 53 is mounted, flange 53 being capable of turning readily in the opening through the center of cutting knife 53. Rigidly fixed inside flange 59 is a threaded bushing 60 which screws onto a threaded flanged thimble 6| rigidly mounted on the end of shaft 33. Between the flange on thimble 6| and the cutting knives is located a hardened disk 6| which forms a wearing plate for the relatively turning parts. The two cutting knives are held 50 assembled relatively to each other and attached to shaft 33, by means of a threaded connection between bushing 60 and thimble 6|.

To hold cutting knife 53 from turning, certain of its fingers are provided with triangular projections 62 (Figs. 14 and 18) which slide in longitudinally extending grooves 63 in the inner surface of the walls 2| and 23.

Shaft 33 is provided with an axially extending passage 64 which communicates through an opening 65 in thimble 6| with an opening 66 through cutting knife 52, the opening 66 being to one side of the center of the cutting knife.

In a device for cutting up garbage, it is important that the material to be cut be prevented 65 from turning in the receptacle. The V shaped grooves 63 in addition to their function of forming a guide means for preventing knife 53 from turning, function also to prevent the material to be cut from turning in the receptacle. This 70 result is obtained because the cutting knife 52, when rotated against the material to be cut, causes material to be wiped out into the grooves which function to anchor and hold it from turning. Also, for preventing turning of the material, end plate 22 is provided with curved ribs 22 which define grooves into which material being cut up is pressed. As shown in Fig. 6, end plate 22 is cone shaped to conform to the contour of cutting knife 52 and is provided with special grooves which define cutting edges 22" which face oppositely'to cutting edges 55 of rotating cutter 52. At the end of a cutting operation, cutter 52 comes close to plate 22 so that the last remnants of the material are cut by the cooperation of cutting edges 55 and '22 which move across each other with a scissor-like action. r

The construction so far described is the cutting portion of the machine. Its operation is as follows. I

The receptacle I1 is turned by pulling rod 25 upward to bring its openingin line with opening 8 in casing 1, after which the garbage to be cut up is inserted through the opening I0 in the sink into the receptacle. Rod 24 is then'pushed down to turn the receptacle to bring it into the position shown in Fig. 6 wherein the opening to the receptacle is in line with the cutting knives. Motor 65 is now started to rotate shaft 33 and cutting knife 52 and fluid pressure is admitted to the end of cylinder 46 to supply pressure to the piston in a direction to move the cutting knives into the receptacle; The cutting knife 52 is thus revolved on knife 53 and at the same time both knives are fed forward by the fluid pressure. Fluid pressure of a sumcient value is utilized to force the cutting knives against the garbage with the pressure required to effect the cutting operation and to feed the cutting knives forward as the garbage is cut up, the garbage being compressed against the end of the receptacle. Cutting knife 52 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 18 and as it rotates the-cutting edges 55? slice strips off the garbage which are forced down through the funnel shaped grooves 56 to the cutting edges 55, 58 where it enters the openings between fingers 51 and is sheared ofl by the cutting edges 55 and 58. After being sheared ofi, the material drops down to the bottom of the casing. The rate at which the garbage is out up depends upon its character. The fluid pressure applied to piston 51 is of substantially constant value and it will feed the cutting knives forward faster or slower depending upon the resistance met with. In the case of relatively soft garbage the feed forward will be relatively fast while in the case of harder material the feed forward will be relatively slower. Since fluid pressure is being used to feed the cutting knives forward (as opposed to a positive feed), the rate of feed will be adapted automatically-to the character of the material to be cutup, and inno event will the feed be such as to damage the machine. While the cutting operation is taking place, water flows through the passages 66 and and out of the opening 65 to the face of the cutting knives whereby water is provided continuously to lubricate the cutting knives and force cut-off strips of garbage down funnel shaped passages 56 toward the openings through the cutting knives and finally carry it down the drain pipe 6. At

the end of the forward movement of the cutters,

the last of the garbage is sheared by cutting edges, 1

22 and 55 the water forcing the last of the garbage down the funnel shaped grooves to cutting edges 55 and 58. Whenthe cutting knives reach the end of the inward movement, the fiuid pressure supplied to the end of cylinder 46 for feeding the cutting knives forward is cut OE and fluid pressure is then applied to the opposite. side of the piston to return the cutting knives to the original position. At this time, water flows through passage for flushing the backs of the cutting knives and at the same time the water trapped in cylinder 56 is forced through passage 64 as the piston moves rearwardly thereby forcing water through opening 66 to fiush the front of the cutting knives and the receptacle. At the same time, additional flushing water is provided for flushing the trap and the receptacle as hereinafter explained.

It will thus be seen that I provide a special form of cutting knives wherein the revolving knife has both front and rear cutting edges, the edges cooperating .to effect a slicing and chopping up of the garbage in a most effective manner. I have found that with cutting knives of this type I am enabled to cut up satisfactorily fibrous garbage such as celery stalks and corn husks and hard garbage such as bones. Also the knives will cut successfully, and without damage to them, materials such as pieces of tin and glass which sometimes find their way into garbage.

In connection with the construction hereinbefore described there is 1 provided automatic .means for controlling the admission of water to actuate the piston in each direction of movement and for starting and stopping the motor,

the arrangement being such'that the operator is required merely to move the operating handles in order to eifect complete operation of the device. Also means are provided for interlocking the operating handles'to. prevent operating the grinder in away that might damage it.

mechanism will now be described.

The controlling means comprises two valve structures, a water control valve structure A and a reversing valve structure B. The position of these valve structures relatively to each other is shown in Figs. 8 and 21, valve structure A being at one side of gear casing 3 5. and valve structure B being at the opposite side thereof. The valve structure A is shown-in detail .in Figs. 9, ll, 12 and 13. It comprises a valve casing .10 which may be formed integral with the casing i as shown in Fig. 8. In casing 70 is an inwardly projecting wall H having upper and lower valve seats I2 and I3. valve body 16 having a seat 15 for engagement with seat l2 and a seat It (Fig. 11) for engage ment with seat '13. The valve seats i5 and i5 are connected by a narrow stem ET which forms a part of the .valve body. Valve body M is adapted to move vertically in casing Hi. upper end of casing 10 forms a cylinder l8 with which the upper end of valve body it. makes a nice fit, being provided with a piston ring i9 which slides on the casing wall. This forms a cylinder and piston construction. The-lower end of valve body 14 slides in a pocket 80 which forms a guide for it. The valve body is biased to a position wherein valve seat i5 is in engagement with valve seat 12 by a spring BI. Connected to valve casing iii above seat 12 is a water supply pipe 82 (Fig. 11). When valve body M is in the position shown in Fig. not the The- In the valve casing is a' drawings, the water supply is cut off and the valve body is held seated by the combined action of spring 8| and the water pressure in cylinder i8,

the water pressure being established by the water which leaks past the upper end of the valve tapered somewhat so thatthere exists an unbalanced area upon which the water pressure acts. tending to reverse the position of the valve from that shown in Fig. 11 against the action of spring II. This tapered shape also permits piston ring 18 to be slipped into position easily.

Connected to the upper end of cylinder 18 isa passage 83, Figs. 8, 9, and 21, in one side of which is an opening closed by a valve 84, the stem 88 of which projects through the casing wall to the inside of casing '1. Valve 84 is normally held seated by a spring strip 88 carried by a pivoted finger 81, the out-turned end of which is adapted to be engaged by the peripheral edge of cutting knife 53 when piston 41 is in its ex treme outer position as shown in Fig. 6, the knife serving to hold the spring strip against stem 85 with tension sufiicient to maintain valve 84 closed. Spring strip 88 may be moved away from valve stem 85 to permit the valve to open by a pin 88 which projects through the casing wall and engages .the end of the spring strip. When pin 88 is moved inward to release valve 84, the valve opens, thus relieving the water pressure in cylinder 18 above valve body 14. The

water pressure acting on the tapered portion of the valve body above valve seat 12 then quickly moves the valve bodyagainst spring 8| to bring valve seat 18 into engagement with valve seat 13. When valve 84 is closed again, pressure will build up gradually in cylinder 18 due to leakage past ring 18, a small vent passage 88 (Fig. 9) beand openings 83 in gear casing 34 with a passage "in flange 48 on cylinder 48 and the adjacent surface of the gear casing.. Passage 85 communicates by means of a passage 88 with an open space or admission chamber 81 of reversing valve B. Thus it will be seen that valve A controls the flow of water to chamber 81 ,of valve B. This is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 21.

Reversing valve B (Figs. 15 and 16) comprises a casing 88 fastened to a head 88 by means ofstuds I88. the head being integral with cylinder 48. In head 88 and in a web cross piece I88 which extends across the upper end of casing 88 are two passages MI and I82. Passage I8I communicates with the outer end of cylinder 48 and passage I82 communicates with the inner end of cylinder 48. resentation in Fig. 21.) Passages IM and I82 are controlled by a ball reversing valve I83, the ball valve being adapted to close either one or the other of the two passages. Ball valve I83 is carried by a springpressed toggle I84 which is supported at its lower end on a pin I85 carried by a U shaped frame I 88, supported on a seat I81 on web I88. The upper end of frame I88 is provided with a yoke I88 which is located between flanges on an actuating rod I88.' When actuating rod I88 is moved back and forth, i'ramel88 is moved from one side of the center line to the other thereby putting the spring of the toggle under compression and effecting a movement of valve I83 from its one seat'to its other seat with a snap action. The arrangement shown is a known type of toggle actuating means. means. from an'inspection of Fig. 15.

' outer end of the cylinder.

(See the diagrammatic rep- Its operation is believed to be clear As shown in Fig. 16, passage 88 communicates with the upper portion of chamber 81; i. e., the space in which yoke I88 is located. This upper portion of chamber 81 connects with the lower portion by passages on opposite sides oi: web

I88. Passage IN is connected to the outer end of cylinder 48 through passages H8 and III in head 88 and flange 48, respectively, and a passage II2 which extends longitudinally 0! cyl--' inder 48 and at its outer end communicates with Passage I 82 is connected to the inner end of cylinder 48 by a passage II3.

When ball valve I83 is in the position shown in Fig. 15, chamber 81, which may be termed the water supply chamber, is incommunication with the outer end of cylinder 48 through passage "I. When the position of ball valve I83 is reversed from that shown in Fig. 15, passage IN is closed and water supply chamber 81 is in communication 20 with the inner end of cylinder 48 through passage The arrangement of valves A and B and the water supply passages is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 21. In this figure the valves A and B are shown diagrammatically as being located in the plane of the paper and the several passages are shown 'in simplified form. 'Reference numerals corresponding to those applied to corresponding parts in the figures already described are applied to Fig. 21 and it is believed that this figure will be clear from an tion of it.

The toggle mechanism for ball valve I83 is arranged to be actuated automatically to move ball valve I83 from the position shown in Fig. 15 to the position wherein it closes passage III and to be operated manually to move it from the position where it closes passage III back to the Fig.

-15 position. For manually operating the toggle mechanism, rod I 88 is connected at its outer end to a crank arm 4 at the lower end of a vertically extending rod 8 (Fig. 3) having an operating handle H8 at its upper end. The connection comprises a pin in rod I88 which engages in an elongated slot in arm I I4 (see Fig.8) thus providing a lost motion connection. When operating rod I I5 is turned in a direction to move rod I 88 inward, it will be seen that the toggle mechanism is actuated to move ball valve I83 to the Fig. 15 position. For moving the toggle to its other position, a friction clutch mechanism is provided comprising a disk II1 (Figs. 6, 14, '15, and 21) which loosely surrounds shaft 33 and is held against longitudinal movement between a shoulder H8 in cylinder 48 and the end of sleeve I 88. In disk II1.is a notch II8 which provides a cam surface I28 with which the end of rod I88 engages when in its innermost position as shown in Fig. 15. When piston 41 reaches the end of its inward movement, it engages friction disk II1 turning it due to frictional contact in an anticlockwisedirection as shown in Fig. v15, thereby moving rod I88 toward the left to reverse the position or ball valve I83.

In addition to operating ball valve I83, rod H8 and operating handle II8 efl'ect operation also of release valve 84. For this purpose a second crank arm I2I (Fig. 3) is connected to rod H8 and is tion, it swings rod I22 on an arc to effect inward turn on the water pressure until receptacle I! "movement of rod 86 'suihcient to move spring V strip 86 away from the end of valve stem 85, thus permitting valve 86 to open.

II from its vertical position to its horizontal position and vice versa, and the operating handle 6 which turns on the water pressure to effect operation of the cutting knives. In this connection, it is desirable that the arrangement be'such that operating handle H6 cannot be moved to has been moved to its horizontal position and locked in such position, and that while the water pressure is on, operating handle 25 be locked against movement. To accomplish this, an interlocking arrangement is provided between the operating rods 24 and I I5. Referring particularly to Figs. 3, 8 and 21, I25 is a locking pin for receptacle II, it being adapted to enter an opening I26 in the side of the receptacle to lock it in its horizontal position. Lockingpin I25 is adapted to be moved into and out of locking position by operating handle 25. To this end, rack 26 is provided with a shortarm I2I having an elongated -nose. I28 adapted to slide vertically in a notch in the end of locking pin I25, the nose being sufiiciently long to permit of the vertical movement of rod 23 utilized in turning shaft I 8 without passing out of engagement with the notch.. In the outer end of locking pin I 25 is a hole I29 and when locking pin I25 is moved inward to engage opening I28 in receptacle H, as shown in Figs. 8 and 21, hole I29 stands in line with the end of rod. I22 so that operating handle II6 may be turned. Unless locking pin I25 is in this position,

operating handle H6 cannot be turned because locking pin- I25 prevents movement of rod I22.

Operating handles 25 and H6 are interlocked also by a spring I38. Spring I38 is connected at one end to a guide strip I3I through which rods 28 and I I5 pass and its other end projects through an opening in a U shaped loop I32 rigidly attached to operating rod II5. Spring I38 has a reversely bent loop I33 which engages the edge of a collar I33 through which rod 28 passes freely.

- When operating handle II 6 is in the position shown in'Fig. 8, the end of spring I38 is in engagement with the wall of loop I32 (see Fig. 8) but is not compressed by it. At this time spring loop I33 serves to hold collar I38 against rod 28 to frictionally hold it from movement. When rod 26 is to bev moved vertically in either direction, handle I I6 must be moved first in a direction to .force loop I32 against the end of spring I38 (the lost motion connection between rod I89 and arm I I3 permitting such movement), moving the spring I38 toward the left (Fig. 3) to compress loop I33 and release rod 23, and held in such position. This arrangement serves to prevent acciagainst movement. To this end, there is provided a pair of contacts I35 and I36 in the motor circuit. Contact I35 is yieldingly supported by a bracket I31 on valvecasing A (see Fig. 9). Contact I38 is carried by an arm I38 connected to a rod I 38 whichin turn is carried by a corrugated bellows I68. The upper end of rod I39 slides in a guide opening MI formed in a projection on the casing of valve A. The interior of corrugated bellows' I48 is connected by anipple I82 1 with the space below valve seat 12in valve casing I8. I83 is a spring which opposes movement of stem I39 and tends to hold the stem in a position wherein contact I36 is separated from contact I35. When the water pressure is turned 1 on, the pressure of thewater in the interior of corrugated bellows I68 serves to expand it against 1 the action of spring 83 to efiect movement of contact I36 into engagement with contact I35, thus closing the motor circuit. The wiring of the 2 contacts and the motor is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 21 at I86. When rod I39 is moved upward by the water pressure, its upper end engages locking 'pin I25 (see Figs. 9 and 21) 'thus holding the-pin and hence operating han- 2 tom of the trap so that when the chamber at the 35 lower end of casing I8 is connected to the water supply, water will be fed through passage I35.

- The chamber in the lower part of valve. casing I8 is connected also by a passage I 86 to casing I at a point adjacent to cutting knives 52 and 40 53 when in their outermost position. This passage is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 11 andthe point at which it opens into casing I is shown in Figs. 6 and 14. It may bedesirable sometimes to flush the 4 machine with hot water. For this purpose a hot water pipe IlI'I is connected to valve casing I8 below valve seat I3. In pipe MI is a suitable hand valve I88. Pipe l iI may be connected to any suitable-source of hot water. When valve 50 I61 is opened, hot water is supplied through passages I85 and I88, thereby flushing with hot water the trap formed by walls I2 and also the cutting knives, the receptacle, and the surrounding 5 walls of the casing.

The operation is as follows:

When garbage is to be cut up, operating rod 28 is first released by, turning the handle II6 counter-clockwise (Fig. 3) after which receptacle I I is moved by means of operating rod 24 and handle 25 to a position wherein its open end stands in line with the opening 8 in the bottom of the sink. At this time operating handle H6 occupies the positions shown in Figs. 3, 8 and 21;

ball valve I83 is in the position shown in Fig. 21, 65

wherein it closes passage I8I (this being the reverse of the position at which it is shown in Fig.- 15); valve body' I8 is in the-position shown in Figs. 9, 11 and 21, and control valve 38 is held closed by spring strip 86 as shown in Figs. 8 7 and 21.

After the operator has placed the garbage to be cut up in receptacle 11, operating handle 25 is again released by the turning of operating handle 8 in a counter-clockwise direction and is pushed downward to turn receptacle I! from its vertical position to its horizontal position, as shown in Figs. 8 and 21, after which the operating handle 25 is turned in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Figs. 8 and 21, to move the end of locking'pin I25 into opening I25, thus locking receptacle I I in its horizontal position, at the same time bringing hole I29 in line with the end of rod I22. Receptacle I I is now locked in the garbage cutting position, its open end standing in line with the cutting knives 52 and 53. The operator now turns operating handle I I5 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Figs. 8 and 21. This turning movement does three things; first, it moves the end of rod I22 into hole I29 to lock pin I25 in its innermost position; second, it moves rod 88 inward to effect movement of spring strip 86 away. from valve stem and third, it moves rod I09 inward to reverse the position of ball valve I03, moving it. from the position wherein it covers passage IOI, as shown in Fig. 21, to the position wherein it covers passage I02, as shown in Fig. 15, and, at the same time, bringing the end of rod I09 against cam-surface I 20, turning disk I I I in a clockwise direction and to the position shown in Fig. 15.

When spring strip 86 is moved away from valve stem 85, the water pressure in chamber I8 above' valve body I4 opens valve 84 relieving the pressure above it. This is best shown in the diagrammatic view of Fig. 21. The water pressure in valve casing I0 above valve seat 12, acting on the tapered portion of valve body I4, forces the valve 'body upward, reversing its position so as 'to bring valve seat I6 in engagement with valve (indicated collectively as 90 in Fig. 21) to chamber 91 of valve structure B. From chamber 91 .water flows through passage IM and the connecting passages (indicated collectively as H2 in Fig. 21) to the outer end of cylinder 46, thus applying water pressure against the outer end of piston 41 to feed the cutting knives forward into receptacle II. The cutting knife 52 is turned relatively to cutting knife 53 by motor 45 and the worm gearing 48 and 35, and. is fed forward by the water pressure at a rate depending upon the resistance met with due to the material being cut. As the cutting operation continues, water is fed through the longitudinal passage 04 in rod 23 and out through passage 66 in cutting knife 52, thus continuously supplying water to the surface of the cutting knives to lubricate the knives and flush away the material being out after the manner already described. This water is discharged at considerable pressure so as to perform its function in an effective man- When piston 41 reaches the end of its inward movement at the completion of the cutting operation, it engages friction disk I", this disk.

. thus moving it outwardly and reversing the position of ball valve I03, moving the ball valve from the position shown in Fig. 15 to the position shown in'Fig. 21. Reversal of position of ball valve I03 shuts off the supply of water pressure through passage IN to the outer end of cylinder 48 and connects the water pressure to the inner end of cylinder 45 through passage I82. Water pressure is thus supplied to the inner end of cylinder 49 to move piston 41 outwardly to its original position. This movement takes place 5 slowly, the water in the outer" end of the cylinclosed, water pressure gradually builds up in chamber I8 due to leakage of water past the up-' per end ofvalve body 14 and this pressure slowly moves valve body I4 downward to bring valve 2 seat I5 in engagement with valve seat 12. When the downward movement begins, valve seat 14 is moved away from'valve seat I8 thus connecting the chamber inthe lower end of valve casing 10 with the water supply pipe 82. Water is thus 25 supplied from pipe 82 past valve seats I2 and I3 to the flushing passages I45 and I45, thus supplying flushing water through these passages for the period during which valve body I0 is. moveddownward. Upon the completion of the 30 downward movement, valve seat I5 engages valve seat I2, thus shutting oil. the supply of flushing water. After valve seat I5 engages valve seat 12, the water pressure to corrugated bellows I48 is released, thus permitting the motor circuit to 35 open. This completes the operation of the mechanism, the parts being restored to their initial position.

In accordance with the provision of the patent statute, I have described the principle of op- 40 eration of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire-to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention may be car- 45 ried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is: v

1. The combination with a sink having an opening in its bottom, of a garbage cutting machine comprising a casing, a receptacle in the casing having an open end, cutting means adapted tomove into and out of the receptacle through said open end, a drain pipe connected to the cas ng. and means for moving the receptacle to bring its open end into alignment with said opening and withsaid cutting means, there being clearance betweenthe walls of the casing and the adjacent walls of the receptacle for the now of water. m

2. In a cutting machine, the combinationof a cylindrical receptacle for the material to be cut, and rotating cutting means adapted to move forward and back in the receptacle, said cutting means comprising a rotating cutter and a nonrotating cutter cooperating therewith, walls of the receptacle being provided with grooves for holding material being cut from rotating with the rotating cutter, and projecting means on the non-rotating cutter which slide in said grooves 70 to hold the non-rotating cutter from rotating.

' 3. In a cutting machine, the combination of a cylindrical receptacle for holding material to be cut, cutting means comprising two cutters movable axially of said receptacle to efiect the cut- 75 aoaasae ting of the materialymeans for holding one of said cutters from turning, means for rotating the other cutter and means for holding the material being cut from rotating with the said rotating cutter.

4. In a cutting machine, the combination of a from the center of the front cutter toward its periphery.

6. In a cutting machine, the combination of a receptacle for material to be cut, cutting means comprising a front rotating cutter and a rear non-rotating cutter having adjacent cutting",

edges, fluid actuated means for moving said outters axially of the receptacle, and means for turning the rotating cutter as the'cutters are moved axially of the receptacle.

'7. In a cutting machine, the combination of a receptacle for material to be cut, cutting means comprising a front rotating cutter and a. rear non-rotating cutter comprising disks having notches in their peripheries which define fingers having adjacent cutting edges, fluid actuated means for moving the cutters axially of thereceptacle, means forturning the rotating cutter, and means for supplying liquid to the face of the cutters.

8. In a cutting machine, the combination of a receptacle for material to be cut, a cutter, fluid actuated means for moving the cutter forward and back, in the receptacle, manually actuated means for admitting fluid to the fluid actuated means to effect forward movement of the cutter,

means actuated automatically when the cutter reaches the end of its forward movement for. admitting fluidto effect rearward movement of the cutter, means for automaticallycutting off the fluid supply when the cutter reaches the end of its rearward movement, an electric motor for turning the cutter, an electric circuit for the motor, and means controlled by the fluid pressure supplied to the fluid actuated means for closing the motor circuit.

- 9. In a cutting machine, a receptacle having a loading position and a cutting position, means for moving it from one position to the other, a cutter, fluid actuated means for moving the cutter into and out of the receptacle, and means actuated by the fluid pressure supplied to the fluid actuated means for locking the receptacle in cutting position.

10. In a cutting machine, a receptacle having a loading position and a cutting position, an operating handle for moving it from one position to the other, a cutter, fluid actuated means for moving the cutter into and out of the receptacle, an operating handle for controlling the supply of fluid to the fluid actuated means, and'means interlocking said handles which prevents actuating the second named handle until the first named handle has beenoperatedto move the receptacle to loading position.

11. In a cutting machine, a receptacle having a loading position and a cutting position, an operating handle for moving it fromone position to the other, a cutter, fluid actuated means for moving the cutter into and out of the receptacle, an operating handle for controlling the supply of fluid to the fluid actuated means, means interlocking said handles which prevents actuating the second named handle until the first named handle has been operated to move the receptacle to cutting position, and means actuated by the 10 fluid pressure supplied to the fluid actuated means for locking the first named handle against movement while fluid pressure is being supplied to the fluid actuated means.

12. In a cutting machine, a receptacle, a cutter, l5 fluid actuated means for moving the cutter forward and back in the receptacle, valve means controlled by movement of the cutter for effecting automatically the back movement of the cutter, and automatic means controlled by movement of the cutter for supplying flushing fluid to the receptacle.

13. In a cutting machine, a receptacle, a cutting means comprising a front rotating cutter and a rear non-rotating cutter adapted to move longitudinally of the receptacle, said rotating cutter having cutting edges on its forward surface, a piston rod to which the cutters are connected, a piston on the rod, a cylinder for the piston, means for supplying fluid pressure to the cylinder for moving the piston, and means for supplying liquid to the forward surface of the rotating cutter. \p

14. In a cutting machine, a receptacle, a cutting means comprising a front rotating cutter and a rear non-rotating cutted adapted to move longitudinally of the receptacle, said rotating cutter having cutting edges on its forward surface, a piston rod to which the cutters are connected,.a piston on the rod, 9. cylinder for the piston, and means for supplying water pressure to the cylinder for moving the piston, said piston rod having a, longitudinal passage through which water is supplied from thev cylinder to the forward'surface of the rotating cutter.

15. In a cutting machine, a receptacle, acutter, a piston and cylinder for effecting movement of the cutter longitudinally of the receptacle, valve means for controlling the supply of fluid pressure to the cylinder to effect movement of 5 the piston therein in each direction, means forrotating the piston and cutter, and means controlled by the rotative movement of the piston for actuating said valve means.

16. In a. cutting machine, a receptacle, a cutting means, fluid pressure means for moving the cutting means longitudinally of the receptacle, a motor for turning the cutting means, and means actuated by the fluid pressure supplied to said fluid pressuremeans for controlling the motor.

17. The combination'with a sink having an opening, of a casing connected to the sink having an opening in line with the sink opening and a second opening at one side thereof, a. receptacle pivoted in said'casing having anopen end, means for turning the receptacle to bring its open end into line with either of the openings in said casing, a cutting means, and means for feeding the cutting means through said second opening into the receptacle. 18. The combination with a sink having an opening, of a casing connected to the sink having an opening in line with the sink opening and a second opening atone side thereof, a receptacle pivoted in'said casing having an open end, means for turning the receptacle to bring its open end into line with either of the openings in said casing, a cutting means, fluid actuated means for feeding the cutting means through said second opening into the receptacle, and means for simultaneously supplying fluid to the face of the cutting means.

19. In a cutting machine, the combination of a sink having a drain opening, a drain conduit connected to said opening, a casing interposed in said conduit beneath said drain opening, said casing having a side opening, a receptacle having an open end pivotally mounted in said casing, means for turning the receptacle to bring its open end into line either with the drain opening or the side opening, cutting means carried by the casing in alignment with said side opening, means for actuating the cutting means to eflect grinding of material in the receptacle, and means for supplying water to the casing for flushing ground material down the drain conduit.

20. In a cutting machine, the combination oi a sink having a drain opening, a drain conduit pivoted in said casing having an open end, means for turning said receptacle to bring its open end into line with said drain opening and into line :with said cutting means, means for actuating the cutting means, and means for supplying water to the casing for flushing cut material down the drain conduit.

21. In a cutting machine, the combination of a sink having-a drain opening, a drain conduit connected to said opening, a casing interposed in said conduit beneath said drain opening, cutting means carried by said casing, a receptacle pivoted in said casing having an open end, means for turning said receptacle tobring its open end into line with said drain opening and into line with said cutting means, a motor for actuating the cutting means, control means for the motor, and means actuating the control means to efiect actuation of the motor when the receptacle is turned with its open end in line with the cutting means.

22. In a cutting machine, the combination of a sink having a .drain opening, a drain conduit connected to said opening, a casing interposed in into line with said drain opening and intoiine with said cutting means, a motor for actuating the cutting means, control means for the motor,

means actuating the control means to eflect actuation of the motor when ,the receptacle is turned with its open end in line with the cutting means, and means for supplying water to the' casing for flushing cut material down the drain conduit when the receptacle is in line with said cutting means.

23. A unitary structure to be attached to the drain opening oi a sink comprising a casing havally mounted in" the casing, means for turning the receptacle to bring its open end into alignment with said top opening or into alignment with said cutting means, an electric motor mounted on said casing and carried thereby, and

means connecting said motor to said cuttin means for actuating the cutting means.

24. A unitary structure to be attached to the drain opening of a sink comprising a casing having a top opening for alignment with a sink drain opening and an opening for connection to a drain pipe, cutting means carried by said casing, a receptacle having an open end pivotally mounted in the casing, means for turning the receptacle to bring its open end into alignment with said top opening or into alignment with said cutting means, an electric motor mounted on said casing and carried thereby, means connecting said motor to said cutting means for actuating the cutting means, and means providing passages for carrying water to the cutting means and casing for flushing cut material through the drain opening.

25. A unitary structure to be attached tothe drain opening of a sink comprising a casing having atop opening for alignment with a sink drain opening, an openingfor connection to a drain pipe and a side opening, a receptacle having an open end pivoted in the casing, means for turning the receptacle to bring its open end into alignment with the top opening or intoalignment with the side opening, cutting means carriedby the casing in line with the side opening, andmeans carried by the casing for actuating said cutting means.

26. A unitary structure to be attached to the drain opening of a sink comprising a casing having a top opening for alignment with a sink drain opening, an opening for connection to a drain pipeand a side opening, a receptacle having an open end pivoted in the casing, means for turning the receptacle to bring its open end into alignment with thetop opening or into alignment with the side opening, cutting means carried by the casing in line with the side opening, a piston and cylinder carried by the casing and connected to the cutting means for moving the cutting means into the receptacle, and an electric motor carried by the casing for turning the cutting means.

,27. In a cutting machine, a receptacle, a cutter, a piston and cylinder for eflfecting movement of thecutter longitudinally of the receptacle, valve means for controlling the supply of fluid pressure to the cylinder to efl'ect movement of the piston therein in each direction, means for rotating the piston and cutter, and a cam whichwhen turned actuates the'valve means, said piston engaging and turning said cam when the cutter reaches the end of its travel.

CHARLES F. SCHWENNKER. 

